Does asymmetric gene flow among matrilines maintain the evolutionary potential of the European eel?.

Baltazar-Soares, Miguel and Eizaguirre, Christophe (2016) Does asymmetric gene flow among matrilines maintain the evolutionary potential of the European eel?. Open Access Ecology and Evolution, 6 (15). pp. 5305-5320. DOI 10.1002/ece3.2098.

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[thumbnail of Haplotype network, with all shortest trees considered, with explicit mutation steps and frequencies of each haplotype >2. The coor code for each matriline is the following: A = Black, B = Yellow and C = Red]
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Text (Haplotype network, with all shortest trees considered, with explicit mutation steps and frequencies of each haplotype >2. The coor code for each matriline is the following: A = Black, B = Yellow and C = Red)
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[thumbnail of Posterior's marginal likelihood probability distributions of the BEAST runs for each matrilineage. The x-axis represents the posterir while the y-axis represents the density, or the explored parameter space. The effective sample sizes (ESS) of the ....]
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Text (Posterior's marginal likelihood probability distributions of the BEAST runs for each matrilineage. The x-axis represents the posterir while the y-axis represents the density, or the explored parameter space. The effective sample sizes (ESS) of the ....)
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[thumbnail of Graphical display of the simulated confidence areas for each of the respective modes of evolution. Blue dots and respective labels correspond to the markers used in this study. This pattern is common to the infinite allele and stepwise mutation modes ...]
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Text (Graphical display of the simulated confidence areas for each of the respective modes of evolution. Blue dots and respective labels correspond to the markers used in this study. This pattern is common to the infinite allele and stepwise mutation modes ...)
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[thumbnail of Evanno's ΔK calculated has (ΔK = mean(|L''(K)|)/sd(L(K))(Evanno et al. 2005). The y-axis represents ΔK from K = 2 to K = 9 (x-axis). The modal value of the distribution is the most likely number of clusters. Although peaks were observed in K = 2 and K = 4]
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Text (Evanno's ΔK calculated has (ΔK = mean(|L''(K)|)/sd(L(K))(Evanno et al. 2005). The y-axis represents ΔK from K = 2 to K = 9 (x-axis). The modal value of the distribution is the most likely number of clusters. Although peaks were observed in K = 2 and K = 4)
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[thumbnail of STRUCTURE admixture plots for the modal distributions of K = 2 and K = 4 identified as possible K's after (Evanno et al. 2005). Symmetry across both plots suggests that K = 1 is the most likely number of K]
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Text (STRUCTURE admixture plots for the modal distributions of K = 2 and K = 4 identified as possible K's after (Evanno et al. 2005). Symmetry across both plots suggests that K = 1 is the most likely number of K)
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[thumbnail of  Posterior distributions of migrations rates summed over all the loci for each cohort. The direction of migration is shown with the symbol -> , while the numbers “1”, “2” and “3” correspond to the matrilineages “A”, “B” and “C” respectively]
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Text ( Posterior distributions of migrations rates summed over all the loci for each cohort. The direction of migration is shown with the symbol -> , while the numbers “1”, “2” and “3” correspond to the matrilineages “A”, “B” and “C” respectively)
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Supplementary data:

Abstract

Using evolutionary theory to predict the dynamics of populations is one of the aims of evolutionary conservation. In endangered species, with geographic range extending over continuous areas, the predictive capacity of evolutionary-based conservation measures greatly depends on the accurate identification of reproductive units. The endangered European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a highly migratory fish species with declining population due to a steep recruitment collapse in the beginning of the 1980s. Despite punctual observations of genetic structure, the population is viewed as a single panmictic reproductive unit. To understand the possible origin of the detected structure in this species, we used a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear loci to indirectly evaluate the possible existence of cryptic demes. For that, 403 glass eels from three successive cohorts arriving at a single location were screened for phenotypic and genetic diversity, while controlling for possible geographic variation. Over the 3 years of sampling, we consistently identified three major matrilines which we hypothesized to represent demes. Interestingly, not only we found that population genetic models support the existence of those matriline-driven demes over a completely panmictic mode of reproduction, but also we found evidence for asymmetric gene flow amongst those demes. We uphold the suggestion that the detection of demes related to those matrilines reflect a fragmented spawning ground, a conceptually plausible consequence of the low abundance that the European eel has been experiencing for three decades. Furthermore, we suggest that this cryptic organization may contribute to the maintenance of the adaptive potential of the species.

Document Type: Article
Keywords: Anguilla anguilla; demes; habitat fragmentation; matrilines; population dynamics
Research affiliation: OceanRep > GEOMAR > FB3 Marine Ecology > FB3-EV Marine Evolutionary Ecology
Refereed: Yes
Open Access Journal?: Yes
Publisher: Wiley
Date Deposited: 08 Jul 2016 13:25
Last Modified: 24 May 2019 12:01
URI: https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/33320

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