The early twentieth century warming and winter Arctic sea ice.

Semenov, Vladimir and Latif, Mojib (2012) The early twentieth century warming and winter Arctic sea ice. Open Access The Cryosphere, 6 (6). pp. 1231-1237. DOI 10.5194/tc-6-1231-2012.

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Abstract

The Arctic featured the strongest surface warming over the globe during the recent decades, and the temperature increase was accompanied by a rapid decline in sea ice extent. However, little is known about Arctic sea ice change during the Early Twentieth Century Warming (ETCW) during 1920–1940, also a period of a strong surface warming, both globally and in the Arctic. Here, we investigate the sensitivity of Arctic winter surface air temperature (SAT) to sea ice during 1875–2008 by means of simulations with an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) forced by estimates of the observed sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice concentration. The Arctic warming trend since the 1960s is very well reproduced by the model. In contrast, ETCW in the Arctic is hardly captured. This is consistent with the fact that the sea ice extent in the forcing data does not strongly vary during ETCW. AGCM simulations with observed SST but fixed sea ice reveal a strong dependence of winter SAT on sea ice extent. In particular, the warming during the recent decades is strongly underestimated by the model, if the sea ice extent does not decline and varies only seasonally. This suggests that a significant reduction of Arctic sea ice extent may have also accompanied the Early Twentieth Century Warming, pointing toward an important link between anomalous sea ice extent and Arctic surface temperature variability.

Document Type: Article
Funder compliance: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/212643
Additional Information: WOS:000312698800001
Keywords: Arctic; Sea Ice; SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY; AMPLIFICATION; 20TH-CENTURY; MODEL; OCEAN; WATER
Research affiliation: OceanRep > GEOMAR > FB1 Ocean Circulation and Climate Dynamics > FB1-ME Maritime Meteorology
Refereed: Yes
Open Access Journal?: Yes
Publisher: Copernicus Publications (EGU)
Projects: THOR, Future Ocean
Date Deposited: 26 Sep 2012 09:12
Last Modified: 22 Jan 2018 13:56
URI: https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/15426

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