Eddy-enhanced primary production sustains heterotrophic microbial activities in the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic.

Devresse, Quentin, Becker, Kevin W. , Bendinger, Arne, Hahn, Johannes and Engel, Anja (2022) Eddy-enhanced primary production sustains heterotrophic microbial activities in the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic. Open Access Biogeosciences (BG), 19 . pp. 5199-5219. DOI 10.5194/bg-19-5199-2022.

[thumbnail of bg-19-5199-2022.pdf]
Preview
Text
bg-19-5199-2022.pdf - Published Version
Available under License Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0.

Download (6MB) | Preview
[thumbnail of bg-19-5199-2022-supplement.pdf]
Preview
Text
bg-19-5199-2022-supplement.pdf - Supplemental Material
Available under License Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0.

Download (1MB) | Preview

Supplementary data:

Abstract

Mesoscale eddies modulate the ocean's physical, chemical, and biological properties. In cyclonic eddies (CEs), nutrient upwelling can stimulate primary production by phytoplankton. Yet, how this locally enhanced autotrophic production affects heterotrophy and consequently the metabolic balance between the synthesis and the consumption of dissolved organic matter (DOM) remains largely unknown. To fill this gap, we investigated the horizontal and vertical variability in auto- and heterotrophic microbial activity (biomass production and respiration) within a CE that formed off Mauritania and along the ∼ 900 km zonal corridor between Mauritania and the Cape Verde islands in the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic (ETNA). Our results show how the physical disturbances caused by the CE affected the biomass distribution of phyto- and bacterioplankton and their metabolic activities. The injection of nutrients into the sunlit surface resulted in enhanced autotrophic pico- and nanoplankton abundance and generally increased autotrophic activity as indicated by chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration, primary production (PP), and extracellular release rates. However, the detailed eddy survey also revealed an uneven distribution of these variables with, for example, the highest Chl a concentrations and PP rates occurring near and just beyond the CE's periphery. The heterotrophic bacterial activity was similarly variable. Optode-based community respiration (CR), bacterial respiration (BR) estimates, and bacterial biomass production (BP) largely followed the trends of PP and Chl a. Thus, a submesoscale spatial mosaic of heterotrophic bacterial abundance and activities occurred within the CE that was closely related to variability in autotrophic production. Consistent with this, we found a significant positive correlation between concentrations of semi-labile dissolved organic carbon (SL-DOC; here the sum of dissolved hydrolysable amino acids and dissolved combined carbohydrates) and BR estimates. Extracellular release of carbon as indicated by primary production of dissolved organic carbon (PPDOC) was variable with depth and laterally and not always sufficient to compensate the bacterial carbon demand (BCD: BR + BP), with PPDOC accounting for between 28 % and 110 % of the BCD. Bacterial growth efficiency (BGE: BP / BCD) ranged between 1.7 % and 18.2 %. We estimated the metabolic state to establish whether the CE was a source or a sink of organic carbon. We showed that the CE carried a strong autotrophic signal in the core (PP  CR > 1). Our results suggest that submesoscale (0–10 km) processes lead to highly variable metabolic activities in both photoautotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms. Overall, we revealed that the CEs not only trap and transport coastal nutrients and organic carbon to the open ocean but also stimulate phytoplankton growth, generating freshly produced organic matter during westward propagation. This drives heterotrophic processes and may contribute to the previously observed net heterotrophy in open Atlantic surface waters.

Document Type: Article
Funder compliance: BMBF: 03F0815A
Keywords: mesoscale eddies
Research affiliation: OceanRep > GEOMAR > FB2 Marine Biogeochemistry > FB2-BI Biological Oceanography
OceanRep > GEOMAR > FB1 Ocean Circulation and Climate Dynamics > FB1-PO Physical Oceanography
Main POF Topic: PT6: Marine Life
Refereed: Yes
Open Access Journal?: Yes
Publisher: Copernicus Publications (EGU)
Projects: REEBUS
Expeditions/Models/Experiments:
Date Deposited: 21 Feb 2022 13:34
Last Modified: 07 Feb 2024 15:45
URI: https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/55319

Actions (login required)

View Item View Item