Locker, Sigurd (1995) Silicoflagellates, ebridians, and actiniscidians from Pliocene and Quaternary sediments off southern Chile, ODP Leg 141. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results, 141 . pp. 223-233.

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Abstract

Three groups of siliceous flagellates are discussed from Sites 860 and 861 in the southeastern South Pacific Ocean off southern
Chile. Three silicoflagellate zones and two ebridian/actiniscidian zones are recognized in upper Pliocene to Quaternary sediments.
Repeated occurrences of Dictyocha messanensis messanensis demonstrate that the cool subpolar water masses of the Peru Current
were mixed with or replaced by warm transitional water masses of the central South Pacific several times during late Pliocene to
middle Pleistocene times. Continuous occurrences of Dictyocha messanensis aculeata in Zone NN21 sediments reflect an
enhanced influence of transitional surface-water also during late Pleistocene and Holocene times. These Pliocene and Quaternary
warming episodes may have been caused by strong El Nino activities, which resulted in a southward shift of the transitional water
belt and an expansion of warmer surface-water over the study area.

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