Rabbel, Wolfgang, Müller, Christof, Wilken, Dennis and Berndt, Christian (2016) Shallow 3D Reflection Seismics. In: Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering. , ed. by Beer, Michael, Kougioumtzoglou, Ioannis A., Patelli, Edoardo and Au, Siu-Kui. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 1-9. ISBN 978-3-642-36197-5 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_371-1.

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Abstract

High-resolution 3D reflection seismology for near-surface applications is a noninvasive geophysical
approach that uses sound wave reflected from subsurface discontinuities to infer and delineate the
discontinuities. It results in high-resolution 3D structural images of the subsurface displaying mainly
the interfaces between geological units and faults. The attributes “near surface” or “shallow” refer to
sounding depths of typically some 10 m to 1 km. The 3D seismic method has been developed since the
late 1960s. It is applied on- and offshore. This article gives an overview of the aims, principles, and
realizations of shallow 3D reflection seismics. More details on field technique and data processing can be
found, for example, in Meunier (2011) and Biondi (2006).

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