Turner, David R., Croot, Peter, Dickson, Andrew G. and Gledhill, Martha (2024) Physicochemical controls on seawater. In: Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. . Elsevier, Amsterdam, N.N.. DOI 10.1016/B978-0-323-99762-1.00035-8.

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Abstract

The overriding physicochemical controls in seawater discussed here are the chemical composition and the state of master variables including temperature, pressure, salinity, pH and redox status. Dissolved Organic Matter also plays a major role, but since its properties are not sufficiently well quantified it is described as an emergent master variable at this stage. The theoretical basis for the treatment of equilibrium chemistry and kinetics is presented, together with projections of the future development of seawater chemistry resulting from climate change.

Key points

• Composition of seawater
• Master variables (temperature, pressure, pH, oxygen/redox state)
• The role of Dissolved Organic Matter
• Equilibrium chemistry
• Kinetics
• The consequences of ongoing global changes

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