Traeger, Christian and Balu, Karishma (2024) Report on the Future Contribution of Ocean NETs in Different Climate Policies. . OceanNets Deliverable, D1.7 . OceanNETs, Kiel, Germany, 46 pp. DOI 10.3289/oceannets_d1.7.

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Abstract

This report explores the future contribution of ocean-based Nega-
tive Emissions Technologies (NETs) within various climate policy frameworks,
evaluating their economic and environmental viability and potential cost-
effectiveness. It emphasizes the need to integrate CDR into emissions trading
systems like the EU ETS. Investment in pilot projects is crucial for better cost
estimation and evaluating environmental co-benefits and risks, highlighting the
importance of a comprehensive portfolio of research and development and early
deployment subsidies, particularly for Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement, ocean
fertilization, and potentially artificial upwelling. Marine permaculture, specif-
ically macroalgae cultivation and harvest, is identified as a promising NET,
with simulations demonstrating its potential to meet Nationally Determined
Contributions in regions with high abatement costs and ambitious emission
targets, such as the EU, Japan, Canada, and Great Britain. Effective moni-
toring and compliance systems are critical for ensuring CDR project integrity,
and international collaboration is essential for enhancing NET effectiveness.

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