Brlek, Mihovil, Trinajstić, Nina, Schindlbeck-Belo, Julie C. , Kutterolf, Steffen , Vukovski, Matija, Guillong, Marcel, Markovic, Sava, Šuica, Sanja, Wang, Kuo-Lung, Lee, Hao-Yang, Gaynor, Sean P., Brčić, Vlatko, Mišur, Ivan, Grizelj, Anita, Kurečić, Tomislav, Lazar, Jasmina Martinčević, Milošević, Monika, Baranyi, Viktória, Kukoč, Duje, Gilg, H. Albert, Georgiev, Stoyan and Lukács, Réka (2024) A distal record of the Middle Miocene silicic eruption of the Carpathian-Pannonian Region stored within the Dinaride Lake System: implications for tephrostratigraphy and emplacement of volcaniclastic deposits. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 113 . pp. 1427-1455. DOI 10.1007/s00531-024-02450-6.

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Abstract

Reliable reconstructions of tephrostratigraphy and emplacement mechanisms of Early to Middle Miocene volcaniclastic deposits across the Alpine-Mediterranean region may yield important clues as to the nature, spread, volume, magnitude and frequency of large silicic eruptions of the Carpathian-Pannonian Region. Here we report on a sequence of Middle Miocene volcaniclastic deposits intercalated with lacustrine strata from the Livno-Tomislavgrad Basin, part of the Dinaride Lake System. We applied a multi-proxy approach to elucidate their source, decipher their emplacement mechanism, and evaluate their basin-scale and regional correlativity. New high-precision zircon geochronology (~ 14.32 Ma) reveals their simultaneity with numerous volcaniclastic deposits (and their alteration products) widely spread across the Alpine-Mediterranean region. Additionally, their correlativity is confirmed at the scale of the Livno-Tomislavgrad Basin, based on similar lithostratigraphy, mineralogy and volcanic glass geochemistry. Newly obtained zircon Hf isotope data imply that Livno-Tomislavgrad Basin distal volcaniclastic deposits and ~ 14.36 Ma Harsány ignimbrite of the Carpathian-Pannonian Region had shared a parental eruptive center. However, different volcanic glass geochemistry, bolstered by the high-precision geochronology, suggests distinct eruption events, implying more frequent explosive volcanism of the Carpathian-Pannonian Region during Middle Miocene than previously recognized. We suggest that the ~ 14.32 Ma fine fallout tephra, deposited in the distal basin in the Dinarides (> 400 km from the source), was likely re-mobilized by water-driven hillside erosion from the extensive paleo-relief, and further transported via land-derived gravity flows. Upon entering the lake, the gravity flows likely transformed into subaqueous sediment density flows. These deposited ~ 1 to 7-m-thick overall graded volcaniclastic turbidites, thinning away from the presumed source of tephra re-mobilization. Although over-thickened, the ~ 14.32 Ma Livno-Tomislavgrad Basin volcaniclastic deposits can still serve as a reliable tephro- and tectono-stratigraphic markers due to their rapid mode of accumulation.

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