Reith, Fabian (2017) Ocean carbon sequestration by direct CO2 injection. (PhD/ Doctoral thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 137 pp.

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Abstract

The Paris Agreement of 2015 has set the specific target to limit mean global warming to well below 2°C, if not 1.5 °C above preindustrial levels in order to avoid the most dangerous consequences of anthropogenic climate change (UNFCCC, 2015). The accomplishment of this target very likely depends on the future deployment of both carbon capture and storage (CCS) and intentional carbon dioxide removal (CDR), which are measures that deliberately remove CO2 from the atmosphere and store it somewhere else (e.g., Fuss et al., 2014; Gasser et al., 2015), e.g., in geological formations or the deep ocean (e.g., IPCC, 2005). To date, the technological development and feasibility of such methods are in their infancy and thus uncertain regarding their effectiveness, costs, side effects, and carbon-cycle implications (e.g., Field and Mach, 2017). A proposed carbon storage method for CO2 captured from large point sources such as power plants or via some CDR method is ocean carbon sequestration by direct CO2 injection into the deep ocean. This carbon storage method aims at the deliberate acceleration of the natural oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2 by discharging it directly into the deep ocean (Marchetti, 1977; see section 1.3). Chapters 2 - 4 of this thesis revisit this idea and provide a novel evaluation of direct CO2 injection into the deep ocean that goes well beyond previous assessments.

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