Denoeud, France, Godfroy, Olivier, Cruaud, Corinne, Heesch, Svenja, Nehr, Zofia, Tadrent, Nachida, Couloux, Arnaud, Brillet-Guéguen, Loraine, Delage, Ludovic, Mckeown, Dean, Motomura, Taizo, Sussfeld, Duncan, Fan, Xiao, Mazéas, Lisa, Terrapon, Nicolas, Barrera-Redondo, Josué, Petroll, Romy, Reynes, Lauric, Choi, Seok-Wan, Jo, Jihoon, Uthanumallian, Kavitha, Bogaert, Kenny, Duc, Céline, Ratchinski, Pélagie, Lipinska, Agnieszka, Noel, Benjamin, Murphy, Eleanor A., Lohr, Martin, Khatei, Ananya, Hamon-Giraud, Pauline, Vieira, Christophe, Avia, Komlan, Akerfors, Svea Sanja, Akita, Shingo, Badis, Yacine, Barbeyron, Tristan, Belcour, Arnaud, Berrabah, Wahiba, Blanquart, Samuel, Bouguerba-Collin, Ahlem, Bringloe, Trevor, Cattolico, Rose Ann, Cormier, Alexandre, Cruz de Carvalho, Helena, Dallet, Romain, De Clerck, Olivier, Debit, Ahmed, Denis, Erwan, Destombe, Christophe, Dinatale, Erica, Dittami, Simon, Drula, Elodie, Faugeron, Sylvain, Got, Jeanne, Graf, Louis, Groisillier, Agnès, Guillemin, Marie-Laure, Harms, Lars, Hatchett, William John, Henrissat, Bernard, Hoarau, Galice, Jollivet, Chloé, Jueterbock, Alexander, Kayal, Ehsan, Knoll, Andrew H., Kogame, Kazuhiro, Le Bars, Arthur, Leblanc, Catherine, Le Gall, Line, Ley, Ronja, Liu, Xi, LoDuca, Steven T., Lopez, Pascal Jean, Lopez, Philippe, Manirakiza, Eric, Massau, Karine, Mauger, Stéphane, Mest, Laetitia, Michel, Gurvan, Monteiro, Catia, Nagasato, Chikako, Nègre, Delphine, Pelletier, Eric, Phillips, Naomi, Potin, Philippe, Rensing, Stefan A., Rousselot, Ellyn, Rousvoal, Sylvie, Schroeder, Declan, Scornet, Delphine, Siegel, Anne, Tirichine, Leila, Tonon, Thierry, Valentin, Klaus, Verbruggen, Heroen, Weinberger, Florian , Wheeler, Glen, Kawai, Hiroshi, Peters, Akira F., Yoon, Hwan Su, Hervé, Cécile, Ye, Naihao, Bapteste, Eric, Valero, Myriam, Markov, Gabriel V., Corre, Erwan, Coelho, Susana M., Wincker, Patrick, Aury, Jean-Marc and Cock, J. Mark (2024) Evolutionary genomics of the emergence of brown algae as key components of coastal ecosystems. Cell, 187 (24). 6943-6965.e39. DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2024.10.049.

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Abstract

Highlights:
• An intense period of genome evolution during early emergence of the brown algae
• Gene family amplifications linked to diversification of the brown algae
• Extensive gene flow between species at the genus level in Ectocarpus
• Insertions of diverse Phaeovirus genomes are widespread in brown algae

Summary:
Brown seaweeds are keystone species of coastal ecosystems, often forming extensive underwater forests, and are under considerable threat from climate change. In this study, analysis of multiple genomes has provided insights across the entire evolutionary history of this lineage, from initial emergence, through later diversification of the brown algal orders, down to microevolutionary events at the genus level. Emergence of the brown algal lineage was associated with a marked gain of new orthologous gene families, enhanced protein domain rearrangement, increased horizontal gene transfer events, and the acquisition of novel signaling molecules and key metabolic pathways, the latter notably related to biosynthesis of the alginate-based extracellular matrix, and halogen and phlorotannin biosynthesis. We show that brown algal genome diversification is tightly linked to phenotypic divergence, including changes in life cycle strategy and zoid flagellar structure. The study also showed that integration of large viral genomes has had a significant impact on brown algal genome content throughout the emergence of the lineage.

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